Num 6:3 He shall not drink v of wine, nor v of strong drink, nor
Psa 69:21 gall .. in my thirst they gave me to drink v
Pro 10:26 as the teeth go, and as the smoke
Pro 25:20 as .. the one who casts v on the soap
Mat 27:34 they gave him to drink mixed with gall
Matt 27:48; Mar 15:36; Joh 19:29 he took a sponge, and soaked it with v
Luk 23:36 approaching and presenting v
Vinegar (Heb. jômets; Gr. óxos). Sour wine, wine vinegar, or in general liquids and sauces used as condiments in which the fermentation process had produced acetic acid. Cider vinegar was forbidden to Nazirites (Num 6:3). The statement of Psa 69:21, “and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink”, was fulfilled in the sufferings of Christ on the cross, as mentioned in Mat 27:49, Mar 15:36, Luk 23:36 and Joh 19:28-30 The comparison of the texts of the different ancient manuscripts of Mat 27:34 favors the reading of óinos, “wine”, and not óxos, “vinegar”; the BJ, DHH and NBE versions translate “wine” and not vinegar. Roman soldiers are said to have drank a mild, semi-acid wine, called acetum in Latin, meaning “acid.” The word “vinegar” actually means “sour wine.”
Source: Evangelical Bible Dictionary
liquid soured by the acid fermentation of alcoholic beverages such as wine, cider, used as a condiment, Rt 2, 14. The Nazirites were prohibited from consuming any alcoholic beverage, including v., Nm 6, 3; Jc 13, 5. Jesus on the cross was offered a sponge soaked with v. so that he would drink, Mk 15, 39.
Digital Bible Dictionary, Grupo C Service & Design Ltda., Colombia, 2003
Source: Digital Bible Dictionary
In general, a sour liquid obtained by the fermentation of cider, but in biblical times, of wine. Nazirites were required to refrain from drinking it (Num 6:3), and it was used as a condiment on bread (Rth 2:14; compare Pro 10:26; Pro 25:20). Jesus was offered vinegar on the cross, mixed with gall or myrrh (Mat 27:34; Mar 15:23) in fulfillment of Psa 69:21, but he refused it. Later he was offered a mixture of water and vinegar on a sponge (Mat 27:48), a very popular drink among the poor and used by Roman soldiers in camp.
Source: Hispanic World Bible Dictionary
It was forbidden to Nazirites, Num 6:3.
– Christ was offered vinegar on the cross, Mar 15:26, Jua 19:29. distinct from the “wine mixed with myrrh” which he previously rejected, Mark 15:23.
Christian Bible Dictionary
Dr. J. Dominguez
http://bible.com/dictionary/
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
The Israelites did v. with refermented grape juice. They used it to season their meals and for medicinal purposes. A nazirite could not drink †œv. of wine† (Num 6:3). Many times when they ate bread, the Israelites dipped it in a little v. (Ruth 2:14). The soap and v. they were substances that should not be put together, since the first one lost its effects, for which it is said: “He that sings songs to the afflicted heart is like the one that … pours v. over soap” (Pro 25:20). When he was on the cross, the Lord Jesus was given a drink v. (Mat 27:48; Mar 15:36), thus fulfilling Ps 69:21 (†œ… in my thirst they gave me drink v.† ). Many scholars believe that it was a sour wine that was offered to those sentenced to death to alleviate their ordeal.
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
type, FOOD COST
vet, Fermented drink that turns sour due to the spontaneous or provoked production of acetic acid (Nm. 6:3). Vinegar irritates the teeth (Prov. 10:26). It cannot be drunk neat (Ps. 69:21). In the East it is mixed with a little oil to quench thirst when water is lacking (Rt. 2:14). Singing happy songs to a afflicted person is as absurd as pouring vinegar on soap, which was of a nature that the vinegar neutralized (Prov. 25:20). The Roman troops drank a light and sour wine which they called “acetum”, vinegar. It is probably a drink of this kind that the Roman soldier offered to the crucified Jesus, to quench his burning thirst (Mk. 15:36; Jn. 19:29, 30). Jesus agreed to take a sip of this drink. Earlier he had been offered a stupefying drink, wine mixed with myrrh, which he had refused (Mt. 27:34; Mr. 15:23).
Source: New Illustrated Bible Dictionary
Product derived from wine transformed by a bacterium, that is, by fermentation that makes it sour and astringent, and whose liquid product is used for seasoning food.
Symbolically, the term is applied to a bad temper and a lackadaisical attitude in social relations.
Pedro Chico González, Dictionary of Catechesis and Religious Pedagogy, Editorial Bruño, Lima, Peru 2006
Source: Dictionary of Catechesis and Religious Pedagogy
sour wine; mixed with water it is a refreshing drink, but of low quality (Lk 22,36), against excessive heat; It was taken by the workers (Rt 2,14) and the soldiers (Mk 15,36); it was used to heal wounds (Prov 25,20); they gave it to Jesus to drink on the cross (Mt 27,48; Mk 15,36; Lk 23,36; Jn 19,29-30).
MNE
FERNANDEZ RAMOS, Felipe (Dir.), Dictionary of Jesus of Nazareth, Editorial Monte Carmelo, Burbos, 2001
Source: Dictionary of Jesus of Nazareth
Sour liquid produced in ancient times by the fermentation of wine or other alcoholic beverages. Nazirites were not allowed to drink either “wine vinegar or intoxicating liquor vinegar,” indicating that vinegar (probably diluted) was sometimes consumed as a beverage. (Nu 6:2, 3) The reapers dipped their bread in vinegar, possibly a cooling condiment in the hottest hours of the day. (Ruth 2:14.)
The acetic acid contained in vinegar produces a sour taste in the mouth and makes teeth very sensitive. (Pr 10:26) This acidic content is evidenced by the strong foaming action that results from mixing vinegar with the mild alkali that is soda ash, a reaction to which Proverbs 25:20 seems to allude.
In the time of Jesus Christ, Roman soldiers drank a weak, sour, or bitter wine, known in Latin as acetum (vinegar), or, when diluted with water, posca. This was probably the drink offered to Jesus while he was on the torture stake. He refused the sour wine mixed with myrrh (or gall) that was presented to him to ease his suffering. (Mr 15:23; Mt 27:34; compare Ps 69:21.) Shortly before he expired, however, he received pure sour wine from a sponge held to his mouth. (Joh 19:28-30; Lu 23:36, 37)
Source: Dictionary of the Bible
oxos (or[xo”3690)relatedtooxuspointeddenotessourwinetheordinarydrinkofworkersandcommonsoldiers.ItisusedinthefourGospelsofvinegarofferedtotheLordathiscrucifixion.InMat27:34themostcommonlyacceptedtextshaveoinos“wine”(LBANIV;RVRVRRVR77BessonVMfollowTR=“vinegar”).Mc15.23confirmstheoinosreadinginthispassagefromMatthew.Thiswhichthesoldiersofferedhimbeforecrucifyinghimwasrefusedbyhimasitwasintendedtoalleviatehissufferings;vinegarismentionedinMc15.36;thesameinLuk23:36andJoh19:2930.¶IntheLXXNum6:3;Rt2.14;Psalm69:21;Pro25:20:¶
Source: Vine New Testament Dictionary
(Heb, ḥōmeṣgr. oxos). Sour liquid resulting from acetous fermentation in wine or other strong drink. The acid character of vinegar is indicated in Pr. 10.26; 25.20, while a reference in Ps. 69.21 does not merely testify to its nauseating taste but implies that it was used to punish.
Rt. 2.14 vinegar is typical of the sour fermented beverages that are popular with blue-collar workers in wine-producing countries. The posca of the Romans was very similar, and was part of the nation of soldiers. It was this that was offered to the crucified Christ as a refreshing drink (Mr. 15.36; Jn. 19.29-30), and it was different from the nondescript myrrh-flavored drink that he had previously refused (Mt. 27.34; Mr. 15.23). Both wine and vinegar were forbidden to the Nazirites (Nm. 6.3), and hence the seriousness of the offense in Am. 2.12.
RKH
Douglas, J. (2000). New Biblical Dictionary: First Edition. Miami: United Bible Societies.
Source: New Bible Dictionary