v. Wormwood
Deu 29:18 let there be in .. root that produces hy wormwood
Psa 69:21 they also put h for food, and in
Jer 8:14 has given us h waters to drink, because
Jer 9:15 wormwood, and I will give them waters of h to drink
Mat 27:34 they gave vinegar mixed with h to drink
Act 8:23 in h of bitterness and in .. I see that you are
Gall (Heb. Jî’êl, “God lives” or “God’s life”; also occurs in Ugar. and Nab. inscriptions; for plant and substance see B). A. Inhabitant of Bethel who rebuilt Jericho in the time of Ahab and brought upon himself the curse that Joshua pronounced on that city (Jos 6:26; 1Ki 16:34). He lost 2 of his children in the company. Some have suggested that perhaps they were sacrificed by Gall in order to appease God. That assumption seems plausible because at that time pagan practices, idolatry and polytheism were widespread throughout Israel. B. Translation of: 1. Heb. rô’sh or rôsh (Psa 69:21; Hos 10:4; etc.), a bitter and poisonous plant; also “poison” in general. The plant could have been the wormwood, the coloquíntida, the poppy (opium poppy), the hemlock (which grows in desolate places and with which the poison for Socrates, a Greek philosopher is supposed to have been prepared), belladonna or any other. 2. Heb. merêrâh, “gall” (Job 16:13) and merôrâh, “gall”, “poison” (20:14, 25). 3. Gr. joIe, a substance with an unpleasant taste (Mat 27:34). According to Mark 15:23, the gall given to Jesus was myrrh. Bib.: PB 78-80.
Source: Evangelical Bible Dictionary
bile. Acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline liquid that is secreted by the liver and poured into the gallbladder, where it is stored and from there it goes to the duodenum and is involved in the digestive process. The human gallbladder is a membranous sac that lies under the surface of the right lobe of the liver, behind the lower ribs. In the Bible it is said that the wounds received in this gallbladder are fatal, because they make the h. it spills, although some versions say liver, Jb 16, 13; 20, 25; Lm 2, 11. It is also translated by h. the venom of vipers, as stored in the gallbladder, Ps 140 (139), 4. Also translated as h. the bitterness, the bitter, the acrid taste, Ps 69, 22; Acts 8, 23.
In the book of Tobias it is said that the h. of the fish is medicinal, it serves to cure blindness, Tb 6, 5-9; 11, 8 and 11-13.
In Mt 27 34, it is said that Christ, being on the cross, was given wine mixed with h. to drink, which he rejected. It was, rather, wine with myrrh, which, as was the custom, certain distinguished women of Jerusalem, Lk 23, 27, out of compassion for the condemned, gave them these drinks as a painkiller to mitigate pain, as stated in the Talmud . In the quotation from Matthew, when he says h., what is said in Ps 69, 22 is present.
Digital Bible Dictionary, Grupo C Service & Design Ltda., Colombia, 2003
Source: Digital Bible Dictionary
(God lives).
– Secretion from the gallbladder, Job 16:13, Tob 11:8.
– Poison of serpents, Job 20:14.
– Bitter and poisonous herb, soothing pain, which was given to Jesus, Mt.27 34.
Christian Bible Dictionary
Dr. J. Dominguez
http://bible.com/dictionary/
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
In the OT it is a translation of two Hebrew words. Rosh was used for any plant that produced a bitter taste when eaten, as in Deu 29:18 : “Let there be no root in your midst that produces h. and wormwood† . In various portions, to indicate great suffering, it speaks of “drinking waters of h.” (Ps 69:21; Jer 8:14; Jer 9:15; Jer 23:15). Merera is a reference to the content of the gills of the fish, to the bag of h., which is compared with h. human. The term is used most often in Job: “My h. poured out on the ground† (Job 16:13). †œh. of asps shall be within him† (Job 20:14). They gave the Lord Jesus “vinegar mixed with h.” (Matt 27:34) to drink. Mark 15:23 says “wine mixed with myrrh”. It was a vinegar made from grapes, which is why it is also called wine. And it is said myrrh because the emphasis of the term is an herb that produced great bitterness, which was also generically called h.
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
(person). (God is living). Character who in the time of the king †¢Ahab †œrebuilt Jericho† , and suffered the curse that existed against whoever did this. † œAt the cost of Abiram’s life his eldest son laid the foundation, and at the cost of Segub’s life his youngest son laid his gates † (Jos 6:26; 1Ki 16:34). Many interpret that it was human sacrifice, as it has been seen that it was customary in various ancient peoples.
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
tip, BIOG HOMB HOAT FLOWER TYPE
vet, (a) (Name of person; Heb. “God is living.”) Man originally from Bethel; he lived under the reign of Ahab. He fortified Jericho, drawing upon himself the curse that Joshua had prophesied on whoever undertook such a work (Josh. 6:26; 1 Kings 16:34). (b) (Substance.). (A) Heb. “merorah”, the secretion of the liver. It is a symbol of “bitterness” (cf. Jb. 16:13). It is also used to denote the poison of asps (Jb. 20:14, 25). (B) Heb. “rosh”. Poisonous plant with a very bitter taste, not identified with certainty. Turning to idolatry was like “a root that yields gall and wormwood” (Deut. 29:18). The judgments of God fell on the unfaithful people like waters of gall to drink (Jer. 8:14; 9:15; 23:15; cf. Dt. 32:32; Lm. 3:1, 19; Am. 6: 12). In the LXX, “rosh” is translated by the gr term. “cholë”, which, both in the LXX and in other literary passages, denotes more generally any kind of spiced drug of the kind offered to numb the senses; thus, wine mixed with myrrh, resin, saffron, labdanum, etc., could be called, in general terms, wine mixed with “gall”. Matthew speaks more generally, mentioning “wine mixed with gall” (Mt. 27:34), while Mark mentions that it was specifically myrrh (Mk. 15:23).
Source: New Illustrated Bible Dictionary
Bitter product in the gallbladder of animals and man. The ancients attributed healing properties to it and that is why it is mentioned in Scripture several times: Job. 4:13 p.m. and 8:25 p.m.; Tob. 6. 5 and 9; Tob. 8. 11-13.
Many translations also incorrectly pointed out that Jesus was given gall and vinegar to drink at the crucifixion (Mt. 27:34), when what he was probably offered was a mixture of myrrh and oil. (Mk. 15. 23)
Pedro Chico González, Dictionary of Catechesis and Religious Pedagogy, Editorial Bruño, Lima, Peru 2006
Source: Dictionary of Catechesis and Religious Pedagogy
In ancient times, fish gall was used as a medicinal remedy for eye diseases (cf. Tob 6,5.9; 11,4.8.11-13). Jesus, on the cross, was given wine mixed with gall to drink, according to Saint Matthew (Mt 27,34); Saint Mark says “wine with myrrh” (Mk 15,23). Surely it is a mistake of the Greek translator of Saint Matthew (Heb. memora: gall; Heb. medra: myrrh). It is a sleeping plant and, therefore, anesthetic.
MNE
FERNANDEZ RAMOS, Felipe (Dir.), Dictionary of Jesus of Nazareth, Editorial Monte Carmelo, Burbos, 2001
Source: Dictionary of Jesus of Nazareth
cole (colhv, 5521), a word probably related to chloe, yellow, denoting gall: (a) literal (Mat 27:34; cf. Psa 69:21); some consider that the word here refers to myrrh, based on Mc 15.23; (b) metaphorical (Acts 8:23), where “bitter gall” denotes extreme wickedness, producing bad fruit.¶ In the OT it is used: (a) of a plant characterized by its bitterness, probably wormwood ( Deu 29:18; Hos 10:4; Am 6.12); (b) as a translation of the term merera, bitterness (Job 20:14, eg); (c) as a translation of rosh, poison; “gall” in the VM (RV: “poisonous”). In Job 20:25 reference is made to the gallbladder, receptacle of gall).
Source: Vine New Testament Dictionary
(heb. gall,, ‘He lives’; but cf. LXX“brother of God”, of ˒aḥı̂˒ēl). Bethelite whose children were (accidentally) killed during the rebuilding of Jericho ca. 870 BC, thus fulfilling the curse of Joshua (1 Kings 16.34; cf. Josh. 6.26).
DWB
Douglas, J. (2000). New Biblical Dictionary: First Edition. Miami: United Bible Societies.
Source: New Bible Dictionary
The Hebrews used rôš Y merôrâ to describe an extremely bitter *plant and its fruit. Translated as “hemlock” (Os. 10.4, °vm), “waters of gall” (Jer. 8.14), and “poison” (Job 20.16; cf. Dt. 32.33), is frequently associated with the herb called wormwood (Artemis) (Dt. 29.18; Jer. 9.15; Lm 3.19; Hos. 10.4 (°vrv2 ); Am. 6.12). Gall is literally mentioned as the yellow-brown secretion of the liver in Job 16:13; 20.14, 25. As a plant it probably refers to the extract of the fruit of the coloquind gourd (Citrullus colocynthis).
Metaphorically it denoted hard work (Lm. 3.5), or any bitter experience (Acts 8.23). The nondescript that was offered to Christ on the cross (Mt. 27.34; cf. Mr. 15.23) was wine diluted with narcotic drugs.
RKH, FNH
Douglas, J. (2000). New Biblical Dictionary: First Edition. Miami: United Bible Societies.
Source: New Bible Dictionary