1Ki 11:40; 14:25
Shisak (Heb. Shôshaq; Q Shîshaq; transliteration of Egyptian Shshk or Shshnk, better known by its Hellenized form of Sheshonk). Founder of the 22nd (Libyan) dynasty of Egypt and who tried to restore the lost Asian empire since the time of the Ramsesids (descendants of Ramses). He began to reign c 950 BC, but dared not launch wars of conquest during Solomon’s reign, although he entertained his enemies and some rebels as guests (1Ki 11:40; cf vs 17-22). But since Solomon’s death divided the Hebrew kingdom into 2 factions, he took advantage of the prevailing instability in Palestine and invaded the country in the 5th year of King Rehoboam of Judea (c 1110 926/925 BC). Biblical records mention only the invasion of Judah and the taking of Jerusalem, from which Shishak carried off Solomon’s treasures (1Ki 14:25, 26; 2Ch 12:2-9), but the carved reliefs of Shishak’s victory on the walls of Karnak (fig 476) they mention the taking of more than 100 cities of Judah and Israel, including Megiddo. His conquest of this city, located in the territory of the northern kingdom, was confirmed by the discovery, in the excavations carried out in the city, of the fragment of a stela (type of tombstone) that refers to said victory. But that campaign was limited to a mere incursion, since the prevailing instability in Egypt did not allow him to consolidate his conquests. In the tomb of one of Shisac’s grandsons, discovered by P. Montet at Tanis, a gold bracelet was found with Shisac’s name inscribed on it (fig 92); but Shishak’s tomb has not yet been found. See Egypt (V, 10). 476. List of Palestinian cities conquered by Pharaoh Shishak found on the wall of the temple at Karnak. Inset (right) is an enlargement of the portion outlined in white, on the left.
Source: Evangelical Bible Dictionary
An Egyptian king, the founder of the XXII dynasty. In the fifth year of King Rehoboam of Judah, around 926 B.C. BC, he marched on Palestine, extending as far north as Megiddo and Beth-shean and east into Transjordan. At the beginning of his reign, he had provided asylum to the Israelite Jeroboam, who had fled to Egypt to escape Solomon’s wrath (1Ki 11:40). With Jeroboam on the northern throne, Shishak showed no favoritism but fairly invaded both Judah and Israel. Jerusalem was a victim of this campaign, and the temple was looted of its treasures (1Ki 14:25-26; 2Ch 12:1-9).
Source: Hispanic World Bible Dictionary
Pharaoh Shisak (940–915 BC), known in Egyptian as Sesonc, was a member of a powerful family in the Faiyum and who founded the 22nd dynasty seeking to restore Egypt’s lost prestige. During the fifth year of Rehoboam, Shishak invaded Palestine and took the treasures of the Jerusalem temple as tribute (see 1 Kings 14:25, 26).
In the temple of Amun at Thebes, Shishak left a relief of a triumphal scene in which he mentions the cities of both Judah and Israel that he plundered.
In March 1939, M. Pierre Montet discovered in Tanis, in the eastern Delta, a mummy in a gilded coffin, with an outer covering of silver. Jewels scattered around the floor and the walls of the chamber were covered with paintings. At first thought to be Shishak’s tomb, archaeologists now think it may be the tomb of a later king of the same dynasty.
Source: Archaeological Biblical Dictionary
Known in secular history as Sesonk, this pharaoh, who started the 22nd dynasty, was of Libyan origin. Solomon had married the daughter of another Egyptian king, probably Psusennes II. In the same way S. (or Sesonk) married one of his sons, the one who would be Osorkón I, with another of the daughters of Psusennes II. When †¢Jeroboam fled from Solomon, S. offered him refuge in Egypt (1Ki 11:40), and he remained there until the death of the Israelite king. S. invaded the kingdom of Judah in the days of Rehoboam with a huge army, took Jerusalem and took the treasures of the temple, as well as the gold shields that Solomon had made (2Ch 12:1-9). S. left a record of his conquests, including this raid on the kingdom of Judah, in inscriptions in the Karnac temple, which confirm the biblical account.
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
See PHARAIN, c.
Source: New Illustrated Bible Dictionary
Libyan prince who founded the 22nd dynasty of Egypt calling himself Pharaoh Sesonq I. Reigned for 21 years, ca. 945–924 BC he Provided refuge for Jeroboam when he fled from Solomon after Ahijah’s prophecy concerning Jeroboam’s future reign (1 Kings 11:29–40). Towards the end of his reign Shisac invaded Palestine in the 5th year of Rehoboam, 925 BC, subjugated Judah, appropriating, as tribute, the treasures of Jerusalem (1 Kings 14.25–26; 2 Chron. 12.2–12), and at the same time asserted his dominance over Israel, as attested to by a broken stele of his found at Megiddo. Shishak left a triumphal scene in relief in the temple of Amun at Thebes in which he mentions many cities of Palestine; see ANEP, p. 118, fig(s). 349, p. 290. See also * Libya* Suck us. For Shishak’s invasion see KA Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, 1972, pp. 292–302, 432–447.
K.A.K.
Douglas, J. (2000). New Biblical Dictionary: First Edition. Miami: United Bible Societies.
Source: New Bible Dictionary