v. egypt, king
Gen 12:15 of him; and the woman was taken to F’s house
Gen 41:1 that after two years he had a dream
Gen 47:2 took five .. presented them before F
Exo 3:10 I will send you to F, to bring out of Egypt
Exo 5:6 commanded f .. to the village gangs
Exo 7:3 I will harden the heart of F, and .. signs
1Ki 3:1 Solomon made kinship with f king of
Psa 136:15 and threw afya his.. into the Red Sea
Pharaoh (Heb. Parôh, “the sun” or “the king”: transliteration of the Egyptian Pr-3, “the big house”; Gr. farao). Term used in Egypt since the time of the Old Kingdom to designate the palace or court. Also the specific designation for kings from the 18th dynasty onwards, the time in which Moses wrote the Pentateuch. (The royal emblems and throne of an 18th dynasty pharaoh are shown in figs 125 and 521.) These kings had 3 titles and 2 names; each. Egyptians usually used the 1st name, but modern Egyptologists and historians use the 2nd. In the OT the following pharaohs are mentioned by name: Shishak,* Tirhakah,* Necho* and Hophra.* Several others are only identified with the general term of Pharaoh, which prevents their individualization; others may be with varying degrees of certainty: 1. Pharaoh who took Sarah, Abraham’s wife, into his harem, then released her without touching her after divine punishment fell on him (Gen 12:15- twenty). Based on an exodus in the mid-fifteenth century BC, Abraham, called some 430 years earlier, would have lived during the Middle Kingdom; thus, this pharaoh would seem to have been one of the kings of the 12th dynasty (see CBA 1: 327, 328, 568). See Chronology (II, B). 2. Pharaoh who elevated Joseph to the position of vizier or Prime Minister of Egypt, and under whose reign Jacob and his family entered Egypt (Gen_41-47). That event, 215 years after Abraham’s call, would have occurred in the 17th century BC, when the Hyksos ruled the country. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that this pharaoh was one of the Semitic Hyksos kings. Since the sequence of these kings is not yet known, we cannot identify Joseph’s benefactor. See Chronology (II, B). 3. Pharaoh who “did not know Joseph” (Ex. 1:8). Based on what was said before, most likely one of the first kings of the 18th dynasty, who expelled the Hyksos from Egypt and re-established the national government in the country. This would be either Ahmosis (c1591-c1564 BC), the victor over the Hyksos, or his immediate successor, Amenhotep I (c1564-c1542 BC; dates for the 18th dynasty are only roughly known). 4. Pharaoh who gave the decree to kill newborn Hebrew males (Exo 1:15-22). Very probably it was Thutmose I (c 1542-c 1524 BC), because of the chronological scheme adopted in this Dictionary, which places the exodus in 1445 BC, when Moses was 80 years old (cf Act 7:21-23, 30 ), which would make 1525 BC the date of Moses’ birth. 5. Pharaoh under whose reign Moses fled to Midian (Exo 2:15); probably Tuthmosis III, whose independent reign occurred between c 1486 and c 1450 BC, but who was already powerful in 439 as co-regent with his aunt Hatshepsut some years earlier. 6. Pharaoh of the exodus (Exo 3:10), probably Amenhotep II (c 1450-c 1427 BC; fig 214). 7. Pharaoh whose daughter Solomon married (1Ki 3:1; 7:8; 9:16, 24): perhaps Siamon (c1004-c984 BC) or Psusene II of Tanis (c984-c950 BC) , the last 2 kings of the 21st dynasty. 8, 9. Pharaoh who received Hadad of Edom in David’s time (1Ki 11:14-22): perhaps Siamon (c1004-c984 BC,) or Psusene II of Tanis (c984-c950 BC). The pharaoh who gave his daughter to Hadad as his wife may have been Psusene II or Sheshonk I (the biblical Shishak), the first king of the 22nd dynasty. Bib.: G. Steindorff and KC Scele, When Egypt Ruled the East (Chicago, 1942); E. Drioton and J. Vandier, L’Egypte (Paris, 1946; this book contains a complete list of Egyptian kings on pp 597-602).
Source: Evangelical Bible Dictionary
egyptian grand mansion. Originally this term designated among the ancient Egyptians the royal palace. Later it was used to refer to the king of Egypt, and, according to some scholars, it began to be used with this connotation around 1400 BC. C. In Egypt it was believed that f. He was the son of the god Osiris, and was the intermediary between the gods and men.
In the Scriptures f is used. to mean king of Egypt. Fares ® Peres. Farfar, one of the two rivers that bathe the lands of Damascus, the other is the Abana, 2 R 5, 12.
Digital Bible Dictionary, Grupo C Service & Design Ltda., Colombia, 2003
Source: Digital Bible Dictionary
The government of Egypt, and consequently the supreme monarch, invested with all its powers; it was known as great house, in Egyptian language: But, where does the term pharaoh come from. The kings of Egypt, in 26 different dynasties, began with Menes in 3400 BC. from JC until ending with Psametik III, dethroned when the Persians conquered Egypt in 525.
The pharaohs of Egypt are mentioned in the following OT contexts:
1. Gen 12:10-20. Abraham must have gone down to Egypt in the early years of the second millennium BC. Amenemes I, according to the Breasted dating system, was pharaoh from 2000 to 1970.
2. Various quotations in Genesis, chapters 39 to 50. It is reasonable to locate the period in which Joseph (and the people of Israel) enjoyed the favor of Egypt at the time of the invasion of the Hyksos, who were expelled in 1580 a. by JC
3. Various quotations from Exodus, chapters 1 to 15, refer to the pharaoh of oppression and the exodus of the Hebrew people.
4. 1Ch 4:18, a pharaoh whose daughter married Mered.
5. 1Ki 3:1; 1Ki 9:16, 1Ki 9:24; 1Ki 11:1, Solomon’s reign can be dated with reasonable certainty to between 961 and 922 BC. JC, period corresponding to the reign of Pharaoh Sheshonk I (945 to 924).
6. 2Ki 18:21 and Isa 36:6, the pharaoh of the time Sennacherib reigned.
7. 2Ki 23:20-35, Pharaoh Neco was the last to try to reestablish Egyptian authority in the northern reaches (609-593 BC). On the plain of Megiddo, where Egypt had gained control of the land 900 years earlier, Neco pursued and killed Josiah. He deposed Jehoahaz and sent him to Egypt to die; he put Jehoiakim on the throne of Judah and fixed a tribute on the conquered land. Two years later, Neco’s empire fell to Babylonian attack. Jeremiah refers to this event (Jer 37:7; Jer 46:2).
8. Eze 29:1. The year is 587 BC. and the pharaoh mentioned, therefore, must be Hofra, or Apries, in the first year of his reign which extended from 588 to 569. This was the pharaoh whose troops failed to liberate Jerusalem in 586 and whose feeble action against Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon brilliantly confirmed Jeremiah’s announcement. Jeremiah (Eze 44:30, only reference to Hophra by his name) prophesied the end of him. See EGYPT.
Source: Hispanic World Bible Dictionary
(The big house). Originally the term was used to designate the palace where the king of Egypt lived, but in the middle of the eighteenth dynasty (1575-1308 BC) it was applied to the ruler. In the Bible it is always applied to the king of Egypt, sometimes adding the particular name of the character. Several f. are mentioned in the Bible, but it is not always easy to identify them with the characters known from secular history. Here is the opinion of some scholars.
1. The time of Abraham. The exact name or to which dynasty it belonged is not known. Some speculate that it may have been at the time of the XI dynasty, which ruled from †¢Thebes from 2134 BC. c.
. The one from the time of Joseph. His name is not known. In the †¢chronology that we use in this Dictionary, José appears at the time of f. Amenemhet II, Senusert II, Senusert III and Amenemhet III. The latter’s reign ended about 1792 BC But note that horses are mentioned in the Joseph story (“and Joseph gave them food for horses”). This animal is known to have been introduced to Egypt by the Hyksos in their invasion from Syria at a later time. The Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1720 to 1550 BC. c.
. The one who did not know José. His name is not known. According to the †¢chronology we use in this Dictionary, it could have been Amenemhet IV, who ruled from 1792 to 1782 BC This, again, does not agree with what was mentioned above about the rule of the Hyksos. The term Hyksos, among the Egyptians, meant “foreign rulers.” They were Semites. Would this explain the fact that Joseph, a Semite, was placed in such a prominent position? Until now, only speculations can be made about it.
. The time of the exodus. Probably Amenophis II (1450-1423 BC). Son of Thutmose III, called by some “the Pharaoh of oppression”.
. The one from David’s time. Probably Amenenope, of the XXI dynasty, gave asylum to † ¢ Hadad, Edomite prince, after Joab’s massacre of his people. Hadad married “the sister of queen Tahpenes” (1Ki 11:15-25).
. Solomon’s father-in-law. Sianum, of the XXI dynasty (1090-945 BC). Solomon married his daughter (1Ki 3:1; 1Ki 7:8).
. Shishak. Session I, of the XXII (Libyan) dynasty (945-924 BC). He invaded Judah at the time of † ¢ Rehoboam (1Ki 14:25). He gave Jeroboam shelter (1Ki 11:40; 2Ch 10:2).
. Zero. This is Osorkon I, successor to Sisac (910-869 BC), or one of his generals. Defeated by King Asa (2Ch 14:9-14).
. So. The †¢f. with whom the king †¢Hosea tried to ally, which caused the invasion of †¢Shalmaneser and the taking of Samaria (2 Kings 17:1-6). Some identify this f. with Osorkon IV, of the XXIII dynasty.
. Tirhaca. Taharka, from the 25th dynasty (688-663 BC). Hezekiah made a covenant with him (2Ki 18:21; 2Ki 19:9).
. Neco. Nejo II, of the XXVI dynasty (609-594 BC). He killed King Josiah in a battle at Megiddo (2Ki 23:29-30).
. Hofra. Apris, from the 26th dynasty (588-568 BC). He was the f. from the time of Jeremiah, who predicted that he would be defeated by his enemies (Jer 44:30).
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
tip, KING BIOG HOMB HOAT HIST
see, EGYPT, EXODUS
vet, (Egyptian: “big house”).
Title of the King of Egypt; it was used with or without the sovereign’s name. On the basis of Courville’s critical study (see Bibliography on EGYPT), the following identifications of those who reigned at the time of Joseph, of the oppression, and of the exodus can be offered. It should be borne in mind that Courville’s study represents a thorough revision of the chronologies generally accepted as true, but which suffer from serious flaws and anachronisms; the revised chronology, on the other hand, arrives at a systematic coherence with Egyptian monuments, inscriptions, and documents, on the one hand, and with the Scriptures on the other. (a) The Pharaoh who raised Joseph to the rank of vizier (cp. Gen. 40-47) is…