The color of phlegm is an indicator of health
Consistently rated as one of the worst words in the English language, “phlegm” is hardly a great topic of conversation. However, medically speaking, your phlegm can be an important barometer for your health. Serious changes in your phlegm may be a valid reason to talk to your doctor.
“Color changes in your phlegm can mean a number of different things health-wise. Importantly, you can see these changes quickly and easily, and this can help you decide if you need to seek medical attention,” explained Dr. Barbara Kreel, Geisinger’s otolaryngologist.
What is phlegm?
The body uses mucus to trap germs and pollutants. Many parts of the body produce mucus, including the GI tract, throat, nose, sinuses, mouth, and more.
Phlegm is mucus in the lungs and lower airways that protects against germs and foreign contaminants, such as pollution.
“Clear phlegm is normal. It is made up of water, salt and other cells,” said Dr. Kreel. “When you get sick, the phlegm can thicken and change color as your body fights the infection.”
Here’s what some of your phlegm colors might be trying to tell you:
White
White phlegm is normally not a cause for alarm. Indicates sinus activity and nasal congestion. As the airways become inflamed, the phlegm in the respiratory tract can thicken and turn white.
Yellow
Yellow phlegm is a sign that your body is fighting a minor infection.
“White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection, and as they collect in mucus, they can cause it to have a yellowish hue,” said Dr. Kreel.
Green
Green phlegm is an indication that your body is fighting a more serious infection. While the green color can be alarming, it is a natural byproduct of the immune system activity needed to fight infection. Consider seeing your doctor if your other symptoms get worse.
Red
Red or pink phlegm can be a more serious warning sign. Red or pink indicates that there is bleeding in the airways or lungs.
Severe coughing can cause bleeding by breaking blood vessels in the lungs, producing red phlegm. However, more serious conditions can also cause red or pink phlegm.
“If you experience red or pink phlegm, you should talk to a doctor first,” Dr. Kreel said. “As a single symptom, it may not actually be a problem, but if it persists, it could indicate underlying conditions.
such as tuberculosis or pulmonary embolism. Determine if you are experiencing other symptoms that may indicate something serious, and always err on the side of safety.”
Brown
Brown phlegm can also be a warning sign because it indicates previous bleeding. As blood ages, it turns brown. If you notice brown phlegm, you should see your doctor.
black
Black phlegm is cause for alarm: it is likely to indicate a fungal infection, especially for people with compromised immune systems. You should see your doctor right away.
“Keep in mind that phlegm discoloration is only part of the story,” explained Dr. Kreel. “Just because your phlegm is white or yellow doesn’t give you a clean bill of health. Phlegm color is a landmark that should be considered along with other symptoms. If you have any reason to think your condition is getting worse or your symptoms are bad, talk to your doctor.”
Geisinger Otolaryngologist Dr. Barbara Kreel, MD, sees patients at Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center in Wilkes-Barre. To make an appointment with Dr. Kreel or another ENT doctor, call 800-275-6401 or visit Geisinger.org.