Gen 25:25-33:16
Esau (Heb. ‘íŠí’âw, “hairy ”; also appears in Ebla texts; Gr. Esáu). 1. Eldest son of Isaac’s twins (Gen 25:25). He grew up to be a hunter, with which he endeared himself to his father (while his brother, 384 as a herdsman, was his mother’s favourite). Jacob, not satisfied with being the youngest of them, made plans to obtain the rights of the firstborn, so he was glad when he was presented with the opportunity to obtain them in exchange for a meal. Esau, a carefree young man, in a moment of appetite did not realize what his hasty decision implied. For selling his birthright for a bowl of red pottage, he received the nickname Edom, “red” (Gen 25:27-34; Heb 12:16, 17). His marriage at the age of 40 with 2 Hittite girls saddened his parents (Gen 26:34, 35; 36: 1, 2). In order to please them, he took as an additional wife a daughter of Ishmael, of the same blood as his elder (28:9; 36:3). According to some scholars, the differences in the lists can be harmonized on the hypothesis that women received new names at the time of marriage: Ada, the daughter of Elon, would be Basemat; Aholibamah, the daughter of Aná and granddaughter of Zibeón, would be Judith; Basemat, the daughter of Ishmael, would be Mahalat. Gen 26:34, Gen 28:9, Gen 36:2, Gen 36:3 Other scholars explain the large discrepancy between Judith and Oholibamah by arguing that Judith would have died without male offspring (so her name would be omitted in cp 36) being replaced by another woman on the list. When the time came for Isaac, who was already very old and nearly blind, to bestow his birthright blessing on the favored son, Jacob, at the urging of his mother, represented his older brother and deceitfully obtained the blessing while Esau was away. hunting (Gen 27:1-40). Extremely disturbed, Esau made plans to murder his brother as soon as his father died, but his parents sent Jacob to Mesopotamia to spare him from his wrath (27:41-28:5). When Jacob returned 20 years later, he found that Esau had forgiven him and the two brothers met peacefully near the Jabbok River in Transjordan. Later they were together again at his father’s funeral (32:3-8, 13-23; 33:1-16; 35:29). Esau, meanwhile, settled in the mountainous region of Seir, which was south of the Dead Sea, and when his descendants increased they drove out the inhabitants of Mount Seir and became the mighty nation of the Edomites (Gen 33:16; Deu 2:4, 12, 22). Later, that region was also known simply as “the mount of Esau” (Oba_8, 9, 19, 21). The loss of the rights of the firstborn is frequently mentioned in the Bible (Mal 1:2, 3; Rom 9:12, 13; Heb 12:17). 2. Mountain located in the area of the Gulf of Aqaba (Deu 2:5; Oba_8, 9; etc.); used as a synonym for Seir.*
Source: Evangelical Bible Dictionary
or E., is the father of the Edomites, relatives of the Israelites, who evicted its original inhabitants, the Jorites, from Seir and settled there; Seir, a country south of the Dead Sea, today south of Israel and Jordan; Gen 32, 4; 33, 14-16; 36; Dt 2, 12-22; Jos 24, 4. E. was a region with a semi-desert climate, important because it was located on the King’s Route, which dominated the trade in the desert of Gaza, Egypt and Phoenicia, between Arabia and the Mediterranean Sea; In addition, it had large deposits of iron and copper, metals that Palestine lacked.
The Edomites were governed by the monarchical system in Gn 36, 31-39 and 1 Cro 1, 43-50, before this region was ruled by a king of Israel. E. was also ruled by sheikhs Gn 36, 15-43; 1 Chr 1, 51-54.
When the people of Israel left the captivity of Egypt in the exodus, from Kadesh, Moses sent a message to the king of E. to let the Israelites pass through his territory, but this request was denied and the sovereign of E. threatened to go out to meet them with weapons, so Israel had to make a detour through the territory of the Edomites to continue towards the Promised Land, Nm 20, 14-21; 21, 4; Jc 11, 17-18. King Saul warred against E., 1 S 14, 47; King David did the same, who defeated the Edomites and placed governors in his territory, 2 S 8, 13-14; Salt 60 (59), 2; in this campaign, Joab, chief of the army, executed all those of E., but Hadad, of the Edomite royal lineage, fled to Egypt, as a young man, where he was protected by Pharaoh, and, David dead, the same as Joab , rebelled against King Solomon, who suffocated Hadad’s action, 1 R 11, 14-22. When Ahab, king of Israel, died, his son Joram succeeded him, and Mesha, king of Moab and a tributary of Israel, rebelled, so the kingdoms of Israel, Judah and his vassal E., allied against Mesha, 2 Kings 3. In the time of Joram, king of Judah, successor of his father Josaphat, E., his tributary, rebelled against him, 2 R 8, 20-22; 2 Chr 21, 8-10. Amaziah, king of Judah, defeated E., in the valley of Salt, killed ten thousand Edomites and those of Judah hurled another ten thousand from a rock; Amaziah conquered the city of Sela, Petra itself, and, after this victory, introduced the Edomite gods into his kingdom, which is why God punished him and he was defeated by Joash, king of Israel, who took him prisoner at Bet Shemes, 1 Kings 14, 7-14; 2 Chr 25, 5-24. In the reign of Ahaz, king of Judah, the Edomites came and defeated Judah and took many prisoners; Ahaz had asked the kings of Assyria for help, since he was besieged by the enemies, according to the Chronicler, as divine punishment for the impiety of the sovereign, 2 Cro 28 17-19.
When the Chaldeans and their king Nebuchadnezzar entered Jerusalem and razed it to the ground along with the Temple, in 587 B.C. C., the Edomites celebrated and allied themselves with the invaders against the city, Ps 137 (136), 7-9. The prophets, in their oracles, ask Yahweh for judgment and revenge against the Edomite people for this fact, Is 34; 63, 1; Jer 49, 17; Lam 4, 2122; Ez 25, 12-14; 35, 15; Jl 4, 19; Am 1, 9-12; Ab 10, 16; Ml 1, 4-5. However, E. was a land of the wise, which is recognized in the Scriptures, Jb 2, 11; Jer 49, 7; Ba 3, 22-23; Ab 8. From the seventh century a. C., an Arab people arose, the Nabataeans, who in the third century a. C. conquered the territory of E. and erected as the capital of the kingdom the city of Petra, formerly called Sela, which is spoken of in Is 42, 11. In the post-exilic era, the name of E. was hellenized and it was given Idumea called. Those of E., expelled from their lands, took the south of Judah and this region took this last name. In the time of the Maccabees, they fought against the Idumeans, 1 M 3, 41; 5, 3 and 65; 2 M 10, 15. In the year 125 a. C., Juan Hircano, Maccabean high priest, dominated the territory of Idumea. In the year 106 AD. C., was converted into a Roman province, called Arabia Petraea.
Digital Bible Dictionary, Grupo C Service & Design Ltda., Colombia, 2003
Source: Digital Bible Dictionary
hairy Hebrew. Isaac and Rebekah’s first-born, so called because at birth he looked like a “sheepskin coat,” that is, a sheep’s fleece. E. was a wild man and became an expert hunter, so his father Isaac loved him, while Rebekah preferred his brother Jacob, Gn 25, 19-26. E. sold his birthright to Jacob, his twin brother, and he shrewdly won him the blessing of his father, although God had already preferred him before he was born and renewed the promises made to Abraham; the brothers, then, became enemies, Gn 25, 27-36; Gen 27, 1-45. Years later the E. and Jacob reconciled, Gn 33, 1-17. E. is also known by the name of ® Edom, ruddy, and is considered the father of the Edomites, with whom Israel had numerous conflicts, as Yahweh foretold Rebekah, the mother of E. and Jacob , before they were born: “There are two peoples in your womb, two nations that, coming out of your womb, will be divided. The one will oppress the other; the older will serve the younger† , Gn 25, 23. E. took several Canaanite women who gave him several children and settled in the region of Seír, that is, Edom, Gn 36, 1-43; Dt 2, 4-5; Joshua 24, 4; 1 Chr 1, 34-35.
Digital Bible Dictionary, Grupo C Service & Design Ltda., Colombia, 2003
Source: Digital Bible Dictionary
(Heb., †™esaw, hairy). Firstborn of twin brothers Esau and Jacob, sons of Isaac and Rebekah (Gen 25:24-25). Before his birth God had told the mother that the older would serve the younger (Gen 25:23). Esau became a country man. He sold the birthright to Jacob for a meal of bread and lentil stew because he was hungry (Gen 25:30-34).
At age 40 he married two Hittite women (Gen 26:34). She hated Jacob for stealing Isaac’s blessing and planned to kill him (Genesis 27).
When Esau saw that Jacob sent for a wife, he realized that his father did not approve of Canaanite women, so he went out and took two additional Ishmaelite wives (Gen 28:6-9).
Years later, when Jacob was returning to Canaan (Gen 32:3, Gen 32:5), Esau and 400 men met him and received him warmly (Gen 32:7—Gen 33:15). They soon parted ways and Esau returned to Mount Seir (Gen 33:16).
In Heb 12:16-17 he is described as a profane person. Long after Esau’s death the Lord declared that he had loved Jacob and hated Esau (Mal 1:2-3). The apostle Paul used this passage to illustrate the manner in which God accomplishes his purposes (Rom 9:10-13).
Sometimes the Scriptures use Esau’s name to designate the land of Edom where his descendants lived (Gen 36:8).
Source: Hispanic World Bible Dictionary
(hairy).
Son of Isaac, and firstborn brother and twin of Jacob, Ge.25, 26, 36, 37.
Christian Bible Dictionary
Dr. J. Dominguez
http://bible.com/dictionary/
Source: Christian Bible Dictionary
(Hairy). Son of Isaac and †¢Rebekah. He was a twin to Jacob, who was born † œwith his hand locked to E’s heel. † He was distinguished by his hunting prowess. Because of this and because he was his firstborn he preferred Isaac, while his brother Jacob † œwas a quiet man † and loved by his mother (Gen 25: 21-28). In a moment of physical discomfort, E. sold Jacob his birthright †œfor one meal†, a bowl of lentils (Gen 25:29-34; Heb 12:16). He added the name †¢Edom because of the color of this stew (Gen 25:30). Later Jacob took the birthright blessing by deceiving his father Isaac. E., realizing this, “sought after her with tears” (Heb 12:16-17), but it was too late.
Isaac gave E. a secondary blessing (Gen 27:38-40), but E. hated his brother, causing Jacob to flee to the house of his relative †¢Laban. When he returned twenty years later, Jacob was afraid that his brother wanted to kill him, but E. had been prosperous and came to meet him, †“ran to meet him and embraced him, fell on his neck, and kissed him; and wept† (Gen 33:4). The descendants of E. formed the people of the †¢Edomites. †¢Edom. †¢Edomites.
of the †¢election, the apostle Paul uses a scripture from Mal 1:2-3 (“Jacob I loved and Esau I hated† ), noting that in this case it occurred when “they were not yet born, neither were they .. .