“I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright and morning star.”
22:16 — I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you of these things in the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star — I Jesus… churches — See 1:1, comment. — I am… David — Christ Jesus is before and after David (Matt 22:41-46). David, being the king of Israel (Ps 89:20; Ps 89:27), was a type of Christ. Christ Jesus was of the lineage of David according to the flesh (Romans 1:3). When Christ ascended into heaven, he sat on the throne of David (Acts 2:24-36). His reign over the lives of Christians brings “the faithful mercies of David” (Ac 13:34). In building the church, he rebuilt the “tabernacle of David, which is (was) fallen” (Ac 15:16). In his authority to open and shut, Christ makes use of “the key of David” (Rev 3:7). — the star… tomorrow — See 2:28, comment. Christ is the fulfillment of the prophecy found in Num 24:17. It is the star that announces the arrival of the eternal day.
Source: Commentary on the New Testament by Partain
I Jesus. Rev 22:6; Rev 1:1.
to bear witness to you. Rev 22:20; Rev 22:1, Rev 22:11; Rev 2:7, Rev 2:11, Rev 2:17, Rev 2:29; Rev 3:6, Rev 3:13, Rev 3:22.
I am the root and offspring of David. Rev 5:5; Isaiah 11:1; Zech 6:12; Matt 22:42, Matt 22:45; Romans 1:3, Romans 1:4; Romans 9:5.
the bright morning star. Rev 2:28; Num 24:17; Matt 2:2, Matt 2:7-10; Luke 1:78; 2Pe 1:19.
Source: The Treasury of Biblical Knowledge
the root and lineage of David: Jesus is both the Origin and the Son of David, repeating the phraseology of Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:10. Jesus is greater than David and the righteous heir to David’s throne.
the bright morning star means that for the Christian, Jesus is the light of comfort in a dark world until the dawn of his return (Rev 2:28).
Source: New Illustrated Caribbean Bible Commentary
My angel. see Rev 1:1. in the churches. The seven churches in Asia Minor that were the original recipients of the book (Rev 1:11). the root and lineage of David. Christ is the source (root) of David’s life and his descendants, which establishes his deity. He is also a descendant of David (lineage) and this establishes his humanity. This phrase bears powerful witness to Christ as the God-man and the Man-God (cf. 2Ti 2:8). the bright morning star. It is the brightest star that announces the arrival of the day. When Jesus comes, He will be the brightest star that will dispel man’s dark night and herald the dawn of God’s glorious day (see note on Rev 2:28).
Source: MacArthur Study Bible
22:16 — I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you of these things in the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star —
— I Jesus… churches — See 1:1, comment.
— I am… David — Christ Jesus is before and after David (Mat 22:41-46). David, being the king of Israel (Ps 89:20; Ps 89:27), was a type of Christ. Christ Jesus was of the lineage of David according to the flesh (Rom 1:3). When Christ ascended to heaven, he sat on the throne of David (Acts 2: 24-36). His reign over the lives of Christians brings “the faithful mercies of David” (Acts 13:34). In building the church, he rebuilt the “tabernacle of David, which is (was) fallen down” (Acts 15:16). In his authority to open and close, Christ makes use of “the key of David” (Rev 3:7).
— the star…morning — See 2:28, comment. Christ is the fulfillment of the prophecy found in Num 24:17. It is the star that announces the arrival of the eternal day.
Source: Reeves-Partain Notes
THE GUARANTOR OF THE TRUTH
Revelation 22:16
-I, Jesus, have sent you My angel to testify of these things because of the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, and the bright and morning Star.
Jesus guarantees the truth of everything that John has seen and heard. The reason for this guarantee is as follows. The book begins by promising a Revelation to be given by Jesus Christ (1:1); this is the confirmation that Jesus gives that the vision came from Him.
He then goes on to lay out, as it were, His credentials. “I am the root and offspring of David,” he says. That’s a reference to Isaiah 11:1 : “A rod will come out of the stump of Jesse, and a shoot will sprout from its roots.” Jesus is saying that in Him this prophecy is fulfilled, that He is at the same time the eternal source of being from which David came, and the descendant of him promised to him.
“I am the bright and morning Star,” says Jesus. To compare a man to the morning star was to place him high in the category of heroes. The rabbis, for example, gave Mordecai that name. And more than that: this would recall the great messianic prophecy: “A star will rise from Jacob” (Nm 24:17 ).
This would awaken other realms of thought. The morning star is the herald of the day that banishes the darkness of the night; before Christ flees the night of sin and death.
No doubt this would awaken yet another memory. Jesus had said in the days of his flesh: “I am the light of the world; Whoever follows Me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” (John 8:12 ). When the Risen Christ said that he was the Morning Star, he presented himself again as the light of the world and the dissipator of the darkness of the world.
Source: New Testament Commentary
Rev 2:28; Rev 5:5; Isaiah 11:1; Isaiah 11:10.
Source: Hispano-American Interdenominational Translation
— of the churches: Another possible translation: in relation to the churches.
Source: Hispano-American Interdenominational Translation
CROSS-REFERENCES
-1121 Isa 11:10; Rev 5:5
-1122 Isa 11:1; Isaiah 53:2; Jer 23:5; Jer 33:15; Romans 1:3
or 1123 Num 24:17; Rev 2:28
Source: New World Translation
16 (1) Lit., on or above.
16 (two) The testimony of this book was given by the Lord Jesus for the churches. Therefore, we need to be in the churches and give ourselves to them in order to understand and keep this testimony.
16 (3) Christ in His divinity is the root, the origin, of David; in his humanity, Christ is the lineage, the descendant, of David. Therefore, as the root of David, He is the Lord, and as the offspring of David, he is also the son, the branch, of David (Mat_22: 42-45; Rom_1: 3; Jer_23: 5).
16 (4) Christ, at His return, will be the rising sun for His people in a general way (Mal_4:2), but, in a specific way, He will be the morning star for those who watch and love Him. This star will be a reward for the overcomers (2:28). Christ’s being the root and offspring of David is related to Israel and the kingdom, while his being the bright morning star is related to the church and the rapture. The morning star appears before the darkest hour just before sunrise. The great tribulation will be the darkest moment, after which the day of the kingdom will be born. In the kingdom, the Lord will appear publicly to his people as the sun, but before the great tribulation he will appear privately to the overcomers as the morning star.
Source: New Testament Commentary Recovery Version
lineage of David… → Isaiah 11:1; the Star… → Num 24:17.
Source: Textual Bible IV Edition
Or, concerning
Source: The Bible of the Americas
g Isaiah 11:1.
22.16 g Num_24:17.